Parkinson’s is a progressive disease that is associated with the loss of dopamine producing cells within the basal ganglia. The cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease include rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor and postural instability. Secondary impairments commonly associated with Parkinson’s include:

• Freezing
• Difficulty initiating movements
• Reduced procedural learning
• Abnormal or festinating gait
• Reduced voice volume
• Slowed mental processing
• Imprecise articulation of speech
• Excessive drooling
• Difficulty swallowing
• Poor memory
• Paresthesia
• Limited spinal range of motion

Parkinson’s is a progressive disease that is associated with the loss of dopamine producing cells within the basal ganglia. The cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease include rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor and postural instability. Secondary impairments commonly associated with Parkinson’s include: